The study demonstrates that stomach acidity increases with the risk of food-borne pathogen exposure and propose that the stomach plays a significant role as an ecological filter and thus a strong selection factor in gut microbial community structure and primate evolution in particular. It is important to note that these differences may be related to differences in the strength of the immune system however it is argued here that the stomach needs more consideration when studying these patterns. Similarly, the elderly show relatively low stomach acidity ( pH 6.6 in 80% of study participants) and are prone to bacterial infections in the stomach and gut. A general linear model based on diet explained much of the variation in the stomach pH (R2 = 0.63, F1,6 = 17.63, p 4) and are susceptibility to enteric infections. In total, the studies' literature search yielded data on 68 species (25 birds and 43 mammals) from seven trophic groups (Table 1). Eats only insects or fish as a carnivore, for example.įacultative - Does best on a said diet, but can survive-but-not-thrive on a different one. Specialist - Can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet. Generalist - Is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources. Obligate - Animals that depend solely on that diet. Together these results highlight the importance of including measurements of gastric pH when investigating gut microbial dynamics within and across species. In addition, the study found when stomach acidity varies within species either naturally (with age) or in treatments such as bariatric surgery, the effects on gut bacterial pathogens and communities are in line with our hypothesis that the stomach acts as an ecological filter. Comparisons of stomach acidity across trophic groups in mammal and bird taxa show that scavengers and carnivores have significantly higher stomach acidities compared to herbivores or carnivores feeding on phylogenetically distant prey such as insects or fish. herbivores) should require the least restrictive filter, as the risk of pathogen exposure is lower. Conversely, species feeding on a lower trophic level or on food that is distantly related to them (e.g. The study proposes that species feeding either on carrion or on organisms that are close phylogenetic relatives should require the most restrictive filter (measured as high stomach acidity) as protection from foreign microbes. The study conducted a systematic review to test the hypothesis that a key role of the vertebrate stomach is to maintain the gut microbial community by filtering out novel microbial taxa before they pass into the intestines. Gastric acidity is likely a key factor shaping the diversity and composition of microbial communities found in the vertebrate gut. This is going to be part one of my discussion on the differences between Humans and other animals (Herbivores/Hindgut, Specialist Carnivores/Insect, Herbivores/Foregut, Omnivores, Facultative Scavengers, Generalist Carnivores etc.) the evolution of Humans, their digestive tracts, teeth etc. Do not solicit or offer medical advice on this subreddit. Reddit is not a replacement for your doctor. None of us are doctors or pretending to be one on social media. If you come here trying to promote a non-meat diet, you're violating this rule. No Unrepentant Vegans / Vegetarians: Plant-eaters who are looking to improve themselves and heal are welcome. We are here to discuss zerocarb and related topics. Eat the meat you like, and can afford, and enjoy it to satiety.ĭo not use bold formatting in your comments. there are plenty of other places where you can discuss that. We do not do CICO and calculate TDEE and such like. Off topic posts include: cheat posts, posts about other diets/others that are not eating zerocarb, "farewell" posts, posts asking how to stop zerocarb and resume a "normal" diet, etc. This subreddit is for discussing zerocarb. If you want to post that kind of thing, post it in /r/ketorage. The Bear's Words of Wisdom (the original mega-thread)Ĭarnivore vs Omnivore vs Herbivore comparison chartĭo not post memes, rage comics, and the like. The Zeroing In On Health (ZIOH) Information Site "Eat the meat you enjoy and can afford" - Charles Washington, founder of Zeroing In On Health
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